Job-Home Balance of Rural Women Employees: An Insight Study from Bangalore Rural District

Authors

  • Thriveni Karlapudi Professor, Delhi School of Business, Delhi-110034

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.25175/jrd/2023/v43/i1/172954

Keywords:

Factors, Female/Women Employees, Home, Service Sector, Bangalore/Bengaluru Rural, Job, Job-Home Balance (JHB).

Abstract

The present dynamic organisational environment has presented numerous challenges for women employees, with maintaining a harmonious balance between their professional and domestic responsibilities emerging as a particularly salient concern. This study examines the key determinants that influence the job-home balance of female employees in the Bangalore Rural district. The study surveyed 360 female employees working across various service and manufacturing industries. The data was collected through a structured questionnaire and analysed using factor analysis, correlation, and multiple regression techniques with SPSS 21.0. The findings indicate that a range of factors, including demographics, stress, interpersonal relations at home, job characteristics, emotional well-being, and work circumstances, significantly and strongly influence job-home balance. A better job-home balance has been found to increase organisational productivity, job satisfaction, and employee engagement while decreasing absenteeism and attrition.

Downloads

Download data is not yet available.

Published

2024-09-27

How to Cite

Karlapudi, T. (2024). Job-Home Balance of Rural Women Employees: An Insight Study from Bangalore Rural District. Journal of Rural Development, 43(1), 126–142. https://doi.org/10.25175/jrd/2023/v43/i1/172954

Issue

Section

Research Papers

References

Aiswaraya, B., & Ramasundaram, G. (2012). The Function of Work-Family Conflicts as a Mediator between Work Exhaustion and Job Stress. The IAMS Journal of Business Spectrum, 5(1), 52-68.

Alan, L. S., Yuan, T., & Grace, H. S. (2001). Work-Family Balance and Job Satisfaction: The Impact of Family-Friendly Policies and Attitudes of Federal Government Employees. Public Administration Review, 61(4), 452-467. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1111/0033-3352.00049

Amazue, L. O., & Onyishi, I. E. (2015). Stress Coping Strategies Perceived Organisational Support and Marital Status as Predictors of Work-Family Balance among Nigerian bank Employees. Social Indicators Research, 26(3), 1-13. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s11205-015-1023-5

Ambardar, A., & Singh, A. (2017). Quality of Work-Life Practices in the Indian Hotel Industry. International Journal of Hospitality and Tourism Systems, 10(1), 22-33.

Aparajita Ray. (2013). ‘75% of Bangalore’s Women don’t go Out to Work’, Times of India, 25 May, https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/bengaluru/75-of-bangalores-women-dont-go-out-to-work/articleshow/20254699.cms

Aparajita Ray. (2017). ‘Women are Only One-Third of Labour Force in Karnataka’, 8 March, https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/bengaluru/women-are-only-one-third-of-labour-force-in-karnataka/articleshow/57527780.cms

Bagger, J. & Li, A. (2014). How Does Supervisory Family Support Influence Employees’ Attitudes and Behaviors? A social exchange perspective. Journal of Management, 40(4), 1123-50. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1177/0149206311413922

Bharathi, V., Mala, & Bhattacharya, S. (2015). Work-Family Balance of Women Employees in the Information Technology Industry. Asian Journal of Management Research, 5(3), 323-343.

Bick, A. C., Blandin, A., Mertens, K. (2023). Work from Home before and after the COVID-19 Outbreak. American Economic Journal: Macro Economics, 15(4), 1-39. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1257/mac.20210061

Brough, P., & Pears, J. (2004). Evaluating the Influence of the Type of Social Support on Job Satisfaction and Work-Related Psychological Well-being. International Journal of Organisation Behaviour, 8(2), 472-485.

Brummelhuis, L.L., & Lipper, T.V. (2010). Effective Work-Life Balance Support for Various Household Structures. Human Resource Management, 49(2), 173-193. https://doi://10.1002/hrm.20340. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1002/hrm.20340

Carlson, D. S., Grzywacz, J.G., & Zivnuska, S. (2009). Is Work-Family Balance more than Conflict and enrichment? Human Relations, 62(10), 1459-1486. https://doi.org/10.1177/0618726709336500. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1177/0018726709336500

Carlson, D. S., Michele, K. K., & Williams, L. J. (2000). Construction and Initial Validation of a Multidimensional Measure of Work-Family Conflict. Journal of Vocational Behaviour, 56, 249-276. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1006/jvbe.1999.1713

Chambel, M.J., Castanheira, F. & Santos, A. (2022). Teleworking in Times of COVID-19: The Role of Family Supportive Supervisor Behaviors in Workers’ Work-Family Management, Exhaustion, and Work Engagement. The International Journal of Human Resource Management, 34(15), 2924-2959. https://doi.org/10/1080/09585192.2022.2063064 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1080/09585192.2022.2063064

Chawla, D., Dokadia, A., & Rai, S. (2017). Multigenerational Differences in Career Preferences, Reward Preferences, and Work Engagement among Indian Employees. Global Business Review, 18(1), 181-197. https://doi.org/10.1177/0972150916666964. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1177/0972150916666964

Copanitsanou, P., Fotos, N. & Brokalaki, H. (2017). Effects of Work Environment on patient and nurse outcomes. British Journal of Nursing, 26(3), 172-176. https://doi:10.12968/bjon.201.26.3.172. DOI: https://doi.org/10.12968/bjon.2017.26.3.172

Dash, M., Anand, V., & Gangadharan, A. (2012). Perceptions of Work-Family Balance among IT Professionals. IUP J. Organizational Behavior, 11(1), 51-65.

Emslie, C., & Hunt, K. (2009). Live to work’ or ‘work to live? A qualitative study of gender and work-family balance among men and women in mid-family. Gender, Work and Organisation, 16(1), 151. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1468-0432.2008.00434.x

Geertije, V., Tineke, D. M., & Willemsen, K. S. (2006). Reducing Work-Family Conflict through Different Sources of Social Support. Journal of Vocational Behaviour, 69(3), 462-476. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jvb.2006.07.005

Gupta, V., & Saran, A. (2013). Making of the Trendsetter Generation of Women Leaders in India: Dimensionalising the Impact of Economic Liberalisation. IUP Journal of Business Strategy, 10(2), 7-21.

Hinno, S. (2012). The Professional Practice Environment Hospital Nurses’ Perspectives in Three European Countries. University of Eastern Finland, Faculty of Health Sciences, Department of Nursing Science. Publications of the University of Eastern Finland: Dissertation in Health Sciences 107. (PhD thesis) https://tinyurl.com/jre2jcq(assessed2january2017)

Isa, M., & Indrayati, N. (2023). The Role of Work-Life Balance as Medication of the Effect of Work-Family Conflict on Employee Performance. South Asian Journal of Human Resource Management, 21(10), a1910. https://doi.org/10.4102/sajhrm.v21i0.1910. DOI: https://doi.org/10.4102/sajhrm.v21i0.1910

IWWAGE. (2023). Women’s Workforce Participation In India: Statewise Trends, https://iwwage.org/wp-content/uploads/2023/03/Karnataka_Factsheet.pdf

Jaenudin, J., Komariah, A., Chupradit, S., Kurniacly, A.D., Chupradit, W.P., Singh, K., Ahmed, A.A., Mustafa, Y.F., & Alkhayyat, A. (2022). Study of the Role of Mindfulness Intervention Based on Stress Reduction in Psychological Distress and Self-Efficacy among the Health Industry Staff during the COVID-19 Pandemic. International Journal of Work Organization and Emotion, 13(2), 172-185. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1504/IJWOE.2022.123512

Jain.S. (2022). Well-Being and Work Productivity of Indian Educators during Imposed Online Teaching in Higher Education Institutions. International Journal of Work Organisation and Emotion, 13(1), 57-82. https://doi.org/10.1504/IJWOE.2022.121981 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1504/IJWOE.2022.121981

Julie, A. W., & Diane, M. H. (2009). Flexible Working, Professional Success, and Being Female: Are They Incompatible? Review of European Studies, 1(2), 39-53. DOI: https://doi.org/10.5539/res.v1n2p39

Juna, M.A., Anshari, M., Ahmad, N., & Hamdan, M. (2022). Working from Home, COVID-19 and Multidimensional Model of Well-Being Theory. International Journal of Work Organisation and Emotion, 13(3), 230-259. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1504/IJWOE.2022.126957

Kathleen, K., Janet, A. D., & Agatha, M. G. (2008). The Interplay of Concepts, Data, and Methods in the Development of the Family Management Style Framework. Journal of Nursing, 14(4), 412–428. PMID:19139156 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1177/1074840708327138

Kumari, T.K. (2022). Work/Family Conflict and Career Advancement: Demographic Differences as Moderators among IT Employees. Prabandhan: Indian Journal of Management, 15(9), 25-39. DOI: https://doi.org/10.17010/pijom/2022/v15i9/172193

Kushal, P., Parmar, J.S. (2019). Work-Life Balance and Its Relation to Demographic Factors: A Study on Police Personnel of Himachal Pradesh. Journal of Strategic Human Resource Management, 8(1), 1-12.

Lee, C. (2013). Gap Analysis: Comparison of Job-Related Attributes between Importance and Satisfaction. International Journal of Hospitality and Tourism Systems, 6(1), 1-12.

Lee, P. C. B. (2000). Turnover of Information Technology Professionals: A Contextual Model. Accounting Management and Information Technologies, 10(2), 101–124. https://doi:10.1016/S0959-8022(99)00016-8 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/S0959-8022(99)00016-8

Mathew, R. V., & Panchanatham, N. (2009). Work-Family Balance Issues among the Women Entrepreneurs in South India. Emerging Entrepreneurial Strategies for Self Development and Skill Development, 22, 46-57.

McGinn, K. (2015). Having a Working Mother is Good for You. HBS Press Release. Boston, MA.

Niharika, D., & Supriya, M. V. (2010). Gender Differences in Perception of Work-Family Balance. Management, 5(4), 331-342.

Nikore, M. (2019, October 14). Where are India’s Working Women? The Times of India. https://timesofindia,indiatimes.com.blogs/irrational-economics/where-are-india-working-women/.

Nizam, I., & Khan, C. (2018). The Determinants of Work-Family Balance in the Event Industry of Malaysia. International Journal of Management, Accounting, and Economics, 5(3), 141-168.

Olsen, W. & Mehta, S. (2006), Female Labor Participation in Rural and Urban India: Does Housewives’ Work Count?, Radical Statistics 93, available at: www.radstats.org.uk/no093/ OlsenMehta93.pdf .

Oludayo, A.O., Omonijo, D.O. (2020). Work-Life Balance: The Relevance of Social Support. Academy of Strategic Management Journal, 19(3), 1-10.

Pradhan, R.K., & Hati, L. (2019). The Measurement of Employee Well-Being: Development and Validation of a Scale. Global Business Review, 1-23, https://doi:10.1177/0972150919859101. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1177/0972150919859101

Rajadhyaksha, V. (2012). Work-Life Balance in South East Asia: The Indian Experience. South Asian Journal of Global Business Research, 1(1), 108-127. https://doi:10.1108/20454451211207615. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1108/20454451211207615

Ranjitha, R. (2021). Measuring the Mental Well-Being of e-Workers and Its Impact on e-Work Life Balance during COVID-19 Pandemic. Psychological and Education Journal, 58(4), 718-728.

Roxanne, A. D., Andrew, L. P., & Allison, N. P. (2007). Walking the Maternal Tightrope. New England Journal of Public Policy, 22(1/2), 195-206.

Shilpa, (2023, August 22). Management’s Focus on Diversity, Equity, and Inclusion Helps Raise the Number of Women at Work. Times of India, pg.1.

Spector, P. E. (1985). Measurement of Human Service Staff Satisfaction: Development of the Job Satisfaction Survey. American Journal of Community Psychology, 13(6), 693-713. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/BF00929796

Sturges, J. & Guest, D. (2004). Working to Live or Living to Work? Work/Life Balance Early in the Career. Human Resource Management Journal, 14(4), 5-20. https://doi.101111/j.1748-8583.2004.tb00130.x. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1748-8583.2004.tb00130.x

Tang, T. Y., & Chang, C. H. (2010). Impact of Domain Ambiguity and Domain Conflict on Employee Creativity. African Journal of Business Management, 4(6), 869–881.

Tavassoli, T., & Sune, A. (2018). A National Study on the Antecedents and Outcomes of Work-Life Balance in Iranian People. International Journal of Social Sciences, 3(3), 1616-1636. DOI: https://doi.org/10.20319/pijss.2018.33.16161636

Thriveni, K. K. & V. R. Devi. (2014). A Study on Factors Affecting the Work-Life Balance of Women Employees at Bangalore. JIMS 8M, 19(4), 3-11. DOI: 10.17010/pijom/2020/v13i1/149946 DOI: https://doi.org/10.5958/0973-9343.2014.01238.1

Thriveni, K. K. & V. R. Devi. (2021). Impact of Work-Family Conflict on Career Development of Knowledge Workers in Indian IT Sector: Examining Moderating Effect of Age. International Journal of Human Capital and Information Technology Professionals (IJHCITP). 12(3). 37-58. https://doi:10.4018/IJHCITP.2021070103 DOI: https://doi.org/10.4018/IJHCITP.2021070103

Thriveni, K. K. (2020). Effect of Professional Attributes on Professional-Life Conflict: Gender as a Moderator in the Indian IT Industry. Prabandhan: Indian Journal of Management. 13(1). 33-44. DOI: 10.17010/pijom/2020/v13i1/149946 DOI: https://doi.org/10.17010/pijom/2020/v13i1/149946

Thriveni, K. K. (2021). Effect of Career Determinants on Employee Engagement in Indian IT Sector: Gender as Moderator. International Journal of Human Capital and Information Technology Professionals (IJHCITP), 12(4), 13-30. DOI: 10.4018/IJHCITP.2021100102 DOI: https://doi.org/10.4018/IJHCITP.2021100102

Thriveni, K. K. (2022). Adverse Effect of Work Role Stress on Family Role Conflict among Married IT Professionals In India. International Journal of Human Capital and Information Technology Professionals, 13(1), 1-15. DOI: 10.4018/IJHCITP.299065 DOI: https://doi.org/10.4018/IJHCITP.299065

Thriveni, K.K., & Rama, D.V. (2012). Impact of Demographic Variables on Work-Life Balance of Women Employees with Special Reference to Bangalore City. International Journal of Advances in Management and Economics, 1(6), 226-229.

Trinkoff, A.M., Johantgen, M., Stors, C.L., Gurses, A.P., Liang, & Y. Hank. (2011). Nurses’ Work Schedules Characteristics, Nurse Staffing, and Patient Mortality, Nurs Res, 60(1), 1-8. https://dx.doi.org/10.1097/NNR.0b013e3181ff15d. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1097/NNR.0b013e3181fff15d

Wei, F., Ying, F., & Liangliang, W. (2009). The Stressors in Professional Women’s Work-Family Conflict: A Chinese Study. Canadian Social Science, 5(3), 62-67.

Wilkinson (2013). Work-Life Balance and Psychological Well-being in Men and Women. Dissertation Submitted to Auburn University, August 2013, Pg.6.

Wong, P.W., Bandar, N.F.A, & Saili, J. (2017). Workplace Factors and Work-Life Balance among Employees in Selected Service Sectors, International Journal of Business and Society, 18(S4), 677-684.

Wood, G. J., & Newton, J. (2006). Childlessness and Women Managers: ‘Choice’, Context and Discourses. Gender, Work and Organisation, 13(4), 338- 358. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1468-0432.2006.00311.x

Yadav, R.K., & Yadav, S.S., (2014). Impact of Work-Life Balance and Stress Management on Job Satisfaction among the Working Women in Public Sector Banks. International Letters of Social and Humanistic Sciences, 5, 63-70. DOI: https://doi.org/10.18052/www.scipress.com/ILSHS.26.63